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“2420”

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  2. Version: v01.01.000
    Reference product
    Aluminium, primary, liquid
    Functional unit
    1000 kg
    Geography
    China (CN) · Geographic precision not specified
    Reference year
    2021
    Data source
    Tiangong LCA Data Working Group

    The aluminum electrolysis process described herein is utilized for the production of liquid primary aluminum through the prebaking method. This liquid primary aluminum is specifically intended for use in metallurgy. The data set corresponding to this process is relevant for applications that involve casting, refining, and further fabrication of aluminum products. It encompasses industrial operations such as the creation of aluminum alloys, components for the automotive industry, construction materials, and aerospace parts that require metallurgical grade aluminum.

  4. Version: v01.01.000
    Reference product
    Primary aluminium
    Functional unit
    1 kg
    Geography
    Global (GLO) · Geographic precision not specified
    Reference year
    2026
    Data source
    Tiangong LCA Data Working Group

    Upstream provision of aluminium used as the dominant conductor material in many electricity distribution cables/lines. Included as an enabling material input to distribution cable/line component inventories, consistent with component LCAs for power lines/cables where metals dominate bill-of-materials (Jorge et al. 2011; Jones & McManus 2010).

  5. Version: v01.01.000
    Reference product
    Nickel metal (＞99.9% Ni)
    Functional unit
    1 kg
    Geography
    China (CN) · Geographic precision not specified
    Reference year
    2026
    Data source
    Tiangong LCA Data Working Group

    Upstream primary nickel supply chain aggregated to refined/electrolytic (Class 1) nickel at refinery gate, consistent with literature covering mine-to-refinery-gate nickel production routes and China-focused mainstream electrolytic nickel chains. Includes mining/beneficiation and downstream pyro- and/or hydrometallurgical processing and refining; co-product handling/allocation is route-dependent and not further specified in the flow context.

  6. Version: v01.01.000
    Reference product
    Rare Earth Oxides
    Functional unit
    3.87 kg
    Geography
    Nei Mongol Zizhiqu,China (CN-NM) · Geographic precision not specified
    Reference year
    2012
    Data source
    Tiangong LCA Data Working Group

    This data set pertains to the solvent extraction of rare earth elements (REE) from an ore containing REE using conventional surface mining techniques, such as drilling and blasting. The ore is sourced from an open pit mine with a reserve of 750 million tons at a 4.1% REO concentration. This raw material extraction process is typically utilized in the production of various high-strength permanent magnets, such as those made from neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB). These magnets are commonly used in a wide range of applications including electric motors, wind turbines, and hard disk drives.

  7. Version: v01.01.000
    Reference product
    Refined copper
    Functional unit
    1000 kg
    Geography
    China (CN) · Geographic precision not specified
    Reference year
    2018
    Data source
    Tiangong LCI Data Working Group

    This dataset pertains to the production of high-purity electrolytic copper with a concentration of 99.9%, using double side blowing bath smelting technology primarily sourced from copper concentrate. The refined copper is commonly used in electrical engineering for wiring, electronics, and manufacturing high-conductivity components and is also essential in the production of various alloys.

  8. Version: v01.01.000
    Reference product
    Gold
    Functional unit
    1 kg
    Geography
    China (CN) · Geographic precision not specified
    Reference year
    2026
    Data source
    Tiangong LCA Data Working Group

    Refining of doré bullion to refined gold metal, as the final upstream material-supply module before coin minting. This unit process is explicitly part of the gold production chain referenced for China (DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.01.114).

  9. Version: v01.01.000
    Reference product
    Aluminium hydroxide
    Functional unit
    1 kg
    Geography
    Global (GLO) · Geographic precision not specified
    Reference year
    2026
    Data source
    Tiangong LCA Data Working Group

    Core Bayer refinery block converting prepared bauxite feed into an alumina intermediate (post-digestion and precipitation), prior to final calcination/drying. This split follows literature identifying the Bayer process as the alumina production route from bauxite.