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  1. Reference product
    Refined copper
    Functional unit
    1000 kg
    Geography
    China (CN) · Geographic precision not specified
    Reference year
    2018
    Data source
    Tiangong LCI Data Working Group

    This dataset pertains to the production of high-purity electrolytic copper with a concentration of 99.9%, using double side blowing bath smelting technology primarily sourced from copper concentrate. The refined copper is commonly used in electrical engineering for wiring, electronics, and manufacturing high-conductivity components and is also essential in the production of various alloys.

  2. Reference product
    Refined copper
    Functional unit
    1000 kg
    Geography
    China (CN) · Geographic precision not specified
    Reference year
    2009
    Data source
    Tiangong LCI Data Working Group

    Cathode copper produced through a hydrometallurgical process is utilized in various industrial applications due to its high purity and electrical conductivity. It serves as a fundamental component in the production of electronic goods, wiring, and plumbing materials. Specifically, it can be found within electrical circuits, motor manufacturing, and renewable energy systems such as solar panels and wind turbines.

  3. Reference product
    Primary copper cathode
    Functional unit
    1000 kg
    Geography
    China (CN) · Geographic precision not specified
    Reference year
    2022
    Data source
    Tiangong LCI Data Working Group

    The key processes of production technology include underground mining and beneficiation of copper ore, flash smelting of copper concentrate, flash conversion of matte, anode furnace refining, casting of crude copper and electrolysis of anode copper.

  4. Reference product
    Aluminium oxide
    Functional unit
    1000 m3
    Geography
    China (CN) · Geographic precision not specified
    Reference year
    2022
    Data source
    Tiangong LCI Data Working Group

    The alumina produced via the sintering method is intended for use in metallurgical processes, specifically in the production of aluminum metal through electrolysis. This high-quality alumina is suitable for use in smelting and refining industries where aluminum ore is processed.

  5. Reference product
    Secondary aluminium ingot
    Functional unit
    1000 m3
    Geography
    China (CN) · Geographic precision not specified
    Reference year
    2021
    Data source
    Tiangong LCI Data Working Group

    The recycled aluminum ingots produced from this process are typically used as raw material inputs for various manufacturing industries, such as automotive, construction, packaging, and electronics. The use of recycled aluminum instead of primary aluminum helps to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions associated with the extraction and processing of virgin aluminum ore.

  6. Reference product
    Aluminium oxide
    Functional unit
    1000 m3
    Geography
    China (CN) · Geographic precision not specified
    Reference year
    2011
    Data source
    Tiangong LCI Data Working Group

    我国氧化铝生产中拜耳法、烧结法、混联法三种工艺并行。因为我国铝土矿主要为品味较低的一水硬铝,单位资源与能源消耗较高。随着生产技术的进步,拜耳法生产的氧化铝在我国铝产量中的比例已经由2000年的11.4%提升到2010年的75.8%,而烧结法则由2000年的23.65%减至5.9%。烧结法氧化铝生产过程中主要的能耗介质中煤占60%,蒸汽约20%,电约12%,其中煤主要消耗在烧成工序,蒸汽主要消耗在脱硅与蒸发工序,油主要消耗在焙烧工序。 [zh]

  7. Reference product
    Copper
    Functional unit
    1000 kg
    Geography
    Nei Mongol Zizhiqu,China (CN-NM) · Geographic precision not specified
    Reference year
    2017
    Data source
    Tiangong LCI Data Working Group

    The data set represents materials and processes utilized in the production phase of wind power generation. It includes the manufacturing of 1.5 MW wind turbines, substations, and cables for wind farms. This infrastructure is specifically used in the generation of renewable energy within wind farms, and in this dataset, it focuses on a case study from a wind farm located in the northeast of Inner Mongolia, which has the highest concentration of wind power installations in China.